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作者：中慧迪拜
上一篇微信中我们说到了写作的基本步骤，大致可以分为五步，不知大家还记得不？我们先来复习复习。完成一篇文章，需要遵循构思，拟定初稿，修改，校订，分享这几个阶段，缺一不可。
今天我们就来以学生们常写的记叙文为例，来进行讲解。记叙文在英文里我们可以叫做narrative writing.
A Place Nearby Lene Marlin - Playing My Game
首先我们要明白记叙文的定义：
接下来我们需要了解记叙文的形式：
今天我们就以短文故事为例，来讲述一下如何根据写作的五个基本步骤进行操作。
今天我们选取的故事是小学生经常被要求写到的a happy story which happened recently.
第一步：构思
Before you write your story, you should make a plan for your writing.
在下笔之前，你需要想一想初步的计划。开心的事情要写什么？事情发生的先后顺序是什么？这个时候我们需要用到基本的transitional words(连接词)----first/second/next/then/etc....
我们今天要记录的故事是：作者考试取得了好成绩，妈妈奖励他可以养一只宠物狗。
第二步：草稿
草稿是文章的第一稿。
一篇文章的构成需要开头，主体和结尾。
Part 1开头
万事开头难,写作文亦如此。出色的开头在全文中具有特殊的功效。开头定基调是一种能力，一种技巧，它来源于写作者对事物的深刻认识和对语言的高度概括能力。那么有哪些方法可以帮助学生完成一个完美的开头呢（为了吸引读者hook the reader）
There are four main ways to write an introduction: （四个常见的方式开头）
1.Sound : “Boom!” I heard a loud crash in my house. “轰”我听到了房子里一声剧烈的碰撞声。用声音来吸引读者是一个不错的选择。
2.Talking:”Go away!” I told my brother. “走开！”我对弟弟说道。
用对话的方式吸引读者的注意。
3.Question: Have you ever been to a water park? 你去过水上乐园吗？
问题的方式开头可以引起读者的共鸣。会让读者联想，我有去过么？
例子：Have you ever feel so happy,you would cry? That’s how I felt last summer when my mom told me I could get a dog! I had wanted a dog for so long. I couldn’t believe I was finally going to get one!
你曾经有过喜极而泣的经历吗？去年夏天，当我妈妈告诉我我可以养一只小狗的时候，我就是这种感觉。我简直不敢相信我终于可以养一只心爱的小狗了！
4.Setting: where/when 背景描述
背景描述展示人物活动的环境或交代故事发生的背景，渲染气氛以烘托人物，展开故事。
例子：One dark,stormy night last weekend, I was home alone.
在一个月黑风高的晚上，我独自一个人在家。
Part 2主体段
主体段需要按顺序记录主要的事件
The most important events in order. What important things happened?
我们需要用到一些过渡词：
Transitional words: tell order /connect ideas
比如：First then next after last finally eventually....
关于文章的细节，要多用描述性的词或句子。多样性的形容词和副词是首选。
Descriptive words/sentences(for imaging your story)
以下部分是主体段初稿：
First,my mum came to my room to talk to me. She told me since I had gotten good scores at school, I could get a dog! I was so excited, I jumped up in the air. Then, we got in the car to drive to the store in the car. I didn’t wait! I smiled the whole way there! When we pulled up,I saw that the store had a lots of dogs that need to be adopted. When we got to the store,I looked at all of the dogs. They were all so cute. All of the sudden,one came up and licked my foot! He was white and fluffy and so adorable. I decided he was the dog for me! Finally, we put him in the car to take him home. He was wagging his tail and sticking his tongue out. On our way home, we stopped to get some toys,food and a collar.
Part 3结尾段
结尾段要做到首尾呼应,点题,表明中心,升华主题
Here are some ways to end your story（五个常见的结尾方式）
1.Rephrase your story 改写故事
Say it in a new way.
Opening: Have you ever been to the zoo? I had a blast at the zoo this weekend!
Closing: my trip to the zoo was so awesome! Don’t you want to visit the zoo now?
2.Feelings 描述感受
Get a new toy
Ending: I love my new toy so much! I can’t wait to play with it even more!
3.Lesson learned 获得的经验教训
Slip on ice
Ending: Next time it snows,I will definitely be on the lookout for slippery ice!
4.Hope 未来的期望
Go to the swimming pool.
Ending: I hope I can go back to the pool again before the weather gets cold!
5.Update 事件的进展
Sth happened ago
Endings: Now my baby is 2 years old. She gets cutter every day!
以下是这个故事的结尾：
The day when I got a dog.
Ending: I couldn’t believe I had a dog of my own! I was so happy. Now I have my dog for 2 months and he is a really great pet. I think he is the best dog in the world.
完整的初稿：
Have you ever feel so happy,you would cry? That’s how I felt last summer when my mom told me I could get a dog! I had wanted a dog for so long. I couldn’t believe I was finally going to get one!
First,my sweet(add words) mum came to my room to talk to me. She told me since I had gotten good scores at school, I could get a dog! I was so excited, I jumped up super high(add words) in the air. “You are the best!” I screamed.(add details) Then, we got in the car to drive to the store in the car(remove). I didn’t wait! I smiled the whole way there! When we pulled up,I saw that the store had a lots of dogs that need to be adopted. The store was green.(remove) When we got to the store,I looked(changed the word to gazed) at all of the dogs. They were all so cute. All of the sudden,one come(change the word to came) up and licked my foot! He was white and fluffy and so adorable. I decided he was the dog for me! Finally, we put him in the car to take him home. He was wagging his tail and sticking his tongue out. On our way home, we stopped to get some toys,food and a collar.
I couldn’t believe I had a dog of my own! I was so happy. Now I have my dog for 2 months and he is a really great pet. I think he is the best dog in the world.
第三步第四步：修改、校正(见上文红色部分)
Add words, remove words,change words 添加词，删掉赘词，改词
Add adjectives,add adverbs,add details 添加形容词，副词或者细节
Spelling, punctuation,capitalization 检查拼写，标点符号以及大小写。
完整的一篇文章就到这里了，最后可以整理一下和同学分享了。
最后我们总结一下，记叙文我们需要注意的是开头和结尾的写法，主体段事件的有序描述。请大家参考以上的方法，挑一个话题自己进行练习哦。有任何问题，欢迎大家来电咨询或者到中慧教育找专业英文老师咨询哦。
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发表于 2017-5-11 22:14:38
